With the JTabbedPane class, you can have several components, such as panels, share the same space. The user chooses which component to view by selecting the tab corresponding to the desired component. If you want similar functionality without the tab interface, you can use a card layout instead of a tabbed pane.

To Create Tabbed Panes

To create a tabbed pane, instantiate JTabbedPane, create the components you wish it to display, and then add the components to the tabbed pane using the addTab method.

The following picture introduces an application that has a tabbed pane with four tabs:

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Try this: 

1. Run TabbedPaneDemo (it requires release 6) using Java^TM Web Start. Or, to compile and run the example yourself, consult the example index.
2. Put the cursor over a tab.
   The tool tip associated with the tab appears. As a convenience, you can specify tool tip text when you add a component to the tabbed pane.
3. Select a tab by clicking it.
   The tabbed pane displays the component corresponding to the tab.
4. Select a tab by entering its mnemonic.
   For example, in the Java look and feel you can select the tab labeled "Tab 3" by typing Alt-3.
5. Navigate between scrollable tabs.
   This example provides scrollable tabs. Resize the dialog box by moving its left or right boundary so that tabs do not fit within the dialog. Scroll arrows appear next to the tabs.
   Click the arrow to view one of the hidden tabs.
   Note that clicking the arrow only reveals hidden tabs. It does not select a new tab.

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As the TabbedPaneDemo example shows, a tab can have a tool tip and a mnemonic, and it can display both text and an image.

Tab Placement

The default tab placement is set to the TOP location, as shown above. You can change the tab placement to LEFT, RIGHT, TOP or BOTTOM by using the setTabPlacement method.

Code for Tabbed Panes

The following code from TabbedPaneDemo.java creates the tabbed pane in the previous example. Note that no event-handling code is necessary. The JTabbedPane object takes care of mouse and keyboard events for you.

JTabbedPane tabbedPane = new JTabbedPane();
ImageIcon icon = createImageIcon("images/middle.gif");

JComponent panel1 = makeTextPanel("Panel #1");
tabbedPane.addTab("Tab 1", icon, panel1,
                  "Does nothing");
tabbedPane.setMnemonicAt(0, KeyEvent.VK_1);

JComponent panel2 = makeTextPanel("Panel #2");
tabbedPane.addTab("Tab 2", icon, panel2,
                  "Does twice as much nothing");
tabbedPane.setMnemonicAt(1, KeyEvent.VK_2);

JComponent panel3 = makeTextPanel("Panel #3");
tabbedPane.addTab("Tab 3", icon, panel3,
                  "Still does nothing");
tabbedPane.setMnemonicAt(2, KeyEvent.VK_3);

JComponent panel4 = makeTextPanel(
        "Panel #4 (has a preferred size of 410 x 50).");
panel4.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(410, 50));
tabbedPane.addTab("Tab 4", icon, panel4,
                      "Does nothing at all");
tabbedPane.setMnemonicAt(3, KeyEvent.VK_4);

As the previous code shows, the addTab method handles the bulk of the work in setting up a tab in a tabbed pane. The addTab method has several forms, but they all use both a string title and the component to be displayed by the tab. Optionally, you can specify an icon and tool tip string. The text or icon (or both) can be null. Another way to create a tab is to use the insertTab method, which lets you specify the index of the tab you're adding. Note that the addTab method does not allow index specification in this step.

To Switch to Specific Tabs

There are three ways to switch to specific tabs using GUI.

1. Using a mouse. To switch to a specific tab, the user clicks it with the mouse.
2. Using keyboard arrows. When the JTabbedPane object has the focus, the keyboard arrows can be used to switch from tab to tab.
3. Using key mnemonics. The setMnemonicAt method allows the user to switch to a specific tab using the keyboard. For example, setMnemonicAt(3, KeyEvent.VK_4) makes '4' the mnemonic for the fourth tab (which is at index 3, since the indices start with 0); pressing Alt-4 makes the fourth tab's component appear. Often, a mnemonic uses a character in the tab's title that is then automatically underlined.

To switch to a specific tab programmatically, use the setSelectedIndex or the setSelectedComponent methods.

Preferred Size in Tabs

When building components to add to a tabbed pane, keep in mind that no matter which child of a tabbed pane is visible, each child gets the same amount of space in which to display itself. The preferred size of the tabbed pane is just big enough to display its tallest child at its preferred height, and its widest child at its preferred width. Similarly, the minimum size of the tabbed pane depends on the biggest minimum width and height of all its children.

In the TabbedPaneDemo example, the fourth panel has a preferred width and height that are larger than those of the other panels. Thus, the preferred size of the tabbed pane is just big enough to display the fourth panel at its preferred size. Every panel gets exactly the same amount of space — 410 pixels wide and 50 high, assuming the tabbed pane is at its preferred size. If you don't understand how preferred size is used, please refer to How Layout Management Works.

Tabs With Custom Components

The TabComponentsDemo example introduces a tabbed pane whose tabs contain real components. The use of custom components brings new features such as buttons, combo boxes, labels and other components to tabs, and allows more complex user interaction.

Here is a tabbed pane with close buttons on its tabs.

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Try this: 

1. Run TabComponentsDemo (it requires release 6) using Java^TM Web Start. Or, to compile and run the example yourself, consult the example index.
   
2. Put the cursor over a tab.
3. Select a tab by clicking it (make sure not to hit the little cross).
4. Put the cursor over one of the widgets with a little cross.
   The cross turns magenta and gets enclosed in a square. A tool tip associated with the close button appears.
   Click the cross with the left mouse button to close the tab.
5. Restore the tabs that have been removed by choosing the Reset JTabbedPane item from the Options menu.
6. Note that tabs with custom components are displayed on top of original tabbed pane tabs.
   To view the tabs underneath, open the Options menu and clear the Use TabComponents checkbox.
7. Display the tabs with components by selecting the Use TabComponents checkbox again.
8. Close all tabs. Now the tabbed pane is empty.

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To Remove Tabs

The following code from ButtonTabComponent.java removes a tab from the tabbed pane. Note that event-handling code is necessary. Since each tab contains a real JButton object, you must attach an ActionListener to the close button. As the user clicks the button, the actionPerformed method determines the index of the tab it belongs to and removes the corresponding tab.

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
    int i = pane.indexOfTabComponent(ButtonTabComponent.this);
    if (i != -1) {
    pane.remove(i);
    }
}

To Give Titles to Customized Tabs

The code below, taken from ButtonTabComponent.java, shows how a customized tab component gets a title from an original tabbed pane tab.

JLabel label = new JLabel(title) {
    public String getText() {
        int i = pane.indexOfTabComponent(ButtonTabComponent.this);
	if (i != -1) {
	    return pane.getTitleAt(i);
	}
	return null;
    }
};

The Tabbed Pane API

The following tables list the commonly used JTabbedPane constructors and methods. The API for using tabbed panes falls into the following categories:

• Creating and Setting Up a Tabbed Pane
• Inserting, Removing, Finding, and Selecting Tabs
• Changing Tab Appearance
• Setting Up Custom Components on Tabs

Creating and Setting Up a Tabbed Pane

Method or Constructor	Purpose
JTabbedPane() JTabbedPane(int) JTabbedPane(int, int)	Create a tabbed pane. The first optional argument specifies where the tabs should appear. By default, the tabs appear at the top of the tabbed pane. You can specify these positions (defined in the SwingConstants interface, which JTabbedPane implements): TOP, BOTTOM, LEFT, RIGHT. The second optional argument specifies the tab layout policy. You can specify one of these policies (defined in JTabbedPane): WRAP_TAB_LAYOUT or SCROLL_TAB_LAYOUT.
addTab(String, Icon, Component, String) addTab(String, Icon, Component) addTab(String, Component)	Add a new tab to the tabbed pane. The first argument specifies the text on the tab. The optional icon argument specifies the tab's icon. The component argument specifies the component that the tabbed pane should show when the tab is selected. The fourth argument, if present, specifies the tool tip text for the tab.
void setTabLayoutPolicy(int) int getTabLayoutPolicy()	Set or get the policy that the tabbed pane uses in laying out tabs when all tabs do not fit within a single run. Possible values are WRAP_TAB_LAYOUT and SCROLL_TAB_LAYOUT. The default policy is WRAP_TAB_LAYOUT.
void setTabPlacement(int) int getTabPlacement()	Set or get the location where the tabs appear relative to the content. Possible values (defined in SwingConstants, which is implemented by JTabbedPane) are TOP, BOTTOM, LEFT, and RIGHT.

Inserting, Removing, Finding, and Selecting Tabs

Method	Purpose
insertTab(String, Icon, Component, String, int)	Insert a tab at the specified index, where the first tab is at index 0. The arguments are the same as for addTab.
remove(Component) removeTabAt(int)	Remove the tab corresponding to the specified component or index.
removeAll()	Remove all tabs.
int indexOfComponent(Component) int indexOfTab(String) int indexOfTab(Icon)	Return the index of the tab that has the specified component, title, or icon.
void setSelectedIndex(int) void setSelectedComponent(Component)	Select the tab that has the specified component or index. Selecting a tab has the effect of displaying its associated component.
int getSelectedIndex() Component getSelectedComponent()	Return the index or component for the selected tab.

Changing Tab Appearance

Method	Purpose
void setComponentAt(int, Component) Component getComponentAt(int)	Set or get which component is associated with the tab at the specified index. The first tab is at index 0.
void setTitleAt(int, String) String getTitleAt(int)	Set or get the title of the tab at the specified index.
void setIconAt(int, Icon) Icon getIconAt(int) void setDisabledIconAt(int, Icon) Icon getDisabledIconAt(int)	Set or get the icon displayed by the tab at the specified index.
void setBackgroundAt(int, Color) Color getBackgroundAt(int) void setForegroundAt(int, Color) Color getForegroundAt(int)	Set or get the background or foreground color used by the tab at the specified index. By default, a tab uses the tabbed pane's background and foreground colors. For example, if the tabbed pane's foreground is black, then each tab's title is black except for any tabs for which you specify another color using setForegroundAt.
void setEnabledAt(int, boolean) boolean isEnabledAt(int)	Set or get the enabled state of the tab at the specified index.
void setMnemonicAt(int, int) int getMnemonicAt(int)	Set or get the keyboard mnemonic for accessing the specified tab.
void setDisplayedMnemonicIndexAt(int, int) int getDisplayedMnemonicIndexAt(int)	Set or get which character should be decorated to represent the mnemonic. This is useful when the mnemonic character appears multiple times in the tab's title and you don't want the first occurrence underlined.
void setToolTipTextAt(int, String) String getToolTipTextAt(int)	Set or get the text displayed on tool tips for the specified tab.

Setting Up Custom Components on Tabs

Method	Purpose
void setTabComponentAt(int, Component)	Set the component that is responsible for rendering the title or icon (or both) for the tab specified by the first argument. When a null value is specified, JTabbedPane renders the title or icon. The same component cannot be used for several tabs.
Component getTabComponentAt(int)	Get the tab component for the tab at the index specified by the argument. If there is no tab component for the specified tab, a null value is returned.
int indexOfTabComponent(Component)	Check if the specified component belongs to one of the tabs. Return the index of the corresponding tab or -1 if there is no such a tab.

Examples That Use Tabbed Panes

This table lists examples that use JTabbedPane and points to where those examples are described.

Example	Where Described	Notes
TabbedPaneDemo	This page	Demonstrates a few tabbed pane features, such as tool tips, icons, scrollable layout, and mnemonics.
TabComponentsDemo	This page	Demonstrates custom components on tabs. Uses a tabbed pane with close buttons.
BoxAlignmentDemo	How to Use BoxLayout	Uses a JTabbedPane as the only child of a frame's content pane.
BorderDemo	How to Use Borders	Uses its tabbed pane in a manner similar to BoxAlignmentDemo.
DialogDemo	How to Use Dialogs	Has a tabbed pane in the center of a frame's content pane, with a label below it.
DragFileDemo	Introduction to Drag and Drop and Data Transfer	Uses a tabbed pane at the bottom of the window to display the contents of one or more files. The tabbed pane isn't used until the user selects a file. The tabbed pane's state is controlled by an object of the custom type TabbedPaneController.