LOCKFILE(1)                                           LOCKFILE(1)

NAME
       lockfile - conditional semaphore-file creator

SYNOPSIS
       lockfile -sleeptime | -r retries |
            -l locktimeout | -s suspend | -!  | -ml | -mu | file-
       name ...

DESCRIPTION
       lockfile can be used  to  create  one  or  more  semaphore
       files.   If  lockfile can't create all the specified files
       (in the specified order), it waits sleeptime (defaults  to
       8)  seconds and retries the last file that didn't succeed.
       You can specify the number of retries to do until  failure
       is  returned.   If  the  number of retries is -1 (default,
       i.e.  -r-1) lockfile will retry forever.

       If the number of retries expires  before  all  files  have
       been created, lockfile returns failure and removes all the
       files it created up till that point.

       The return value of lockfile can  be  easily  inverted  by
       specifying  -!   as  an  argument (comes in handy in shell
       scripts).

       All flags can be specified anywhere on the  command  line,
       they will be processed when encountered.  The command line
       is simply parsed from left to right.

       All files created  by  lockfile  will  be  read-only,  and
       therefore will have to be removed with rm -f.

       If  you  specify  a  locktimeout  then  a lockfile will be
       removed by force after  locktimeout  seconds  have  passed
       since  the lockfile was last modified/created (most likely
       by some other program that unexpectedly died a  long  time
       ago, and hence could not clean up any leftover lockfiles).
       Lockfile is clock skew immune.  After a lockfile has  been
       removed   by   force,  a  suspension  of  suspend  seconds
       (defaults to 16) is taken into account, in order  to  pre-
       vent  the  inadvertent immediate removal of any newly cre-
       ated lockfile by another program (compare SUSPEND in proc-
       mail(1)).

   Mailbox locks
       If  the  permissions  on  the  system mail spool directory
       allow it, or if lockfile is suitably setgid,  it  will  be
       able  to  lock and unlock your system mailbox by using the
       options -ml and -mu respectively.

EXAMPLES
       Suppose you want to make sure  that  access  to  the  file
       "important"  is  serialised, i.e. no more than one program
       or shell script should be allowed to access it.  For  sim-
       plicity's  sake,  let's suppose that it is a shell script.
       In this case you could solve it like this:
              ...
              lockfile important.lock
              ...
              access_"important"_to_your_hearts_content
              ...
              rm -f important.lock
              ...
       Now if all the scripts that access "important" follow this
       guideline,  you  will  be  assured that at most one script
       will be executing between the `lockfile' and the `rm' com-
       mands.

ENVIRONMENT
       LOGNAME                used  as  a  hint  to determine the
                              invoker's loginname

FILES
       /etc/passwd            to  verify   and/or   correct   the
                              invoker's  loginname  (and  to find
                              out his HOME directory, if needed)

       /var/spool/mail/$LOGNAME.lock
                              lockfile for  the  system  mailbox,
                              the  environment  variables present
                              in here will not be taken from  the
                              environment, but will be determined
                              by looking in /etc/passwd

SEE ALSO
       rm(1), mail(1), binmail(1), sendmail(8), procmail(1)

DIAGNOSTICS
       Filename too long, ... Use shorter filenames.

       Forced unlock denied on "x"
                              No write permission in the directo-
                              ry  where  lockfile "x" resides, or
                              more than one  lockfile  trying  to
                              force  a  lock  at exactly the same
                              time.

       Forcing lock on "x"    Lockfile "x" is going to be removed
                              by force because of a timeout (com-
                              pare LOCKTIMEOUT in procmail(1)).

       Out of memory, ...     The system is out of swap space.

       Signal received, ...   Lockfile will  remove  anything  it
                              created till now and terminate.

       Sorry, ...             The retries limit has been reached.

       Truncating "x" and retrying lock
                              "x" does not seem  to  be  a  valid
                              filename.

       Try praying, ...       Missing  subdirectories or insuffi-
                              cient privileges.

BUGS
       Definitely less than one.

MISCELLANEOUS
       Lockfile is NFS-resistant and eight-bit clean.

NOTES
       Calling up lockfile with the -h or -? options  will  cause
       it  to  display  a  command-line help page.  Calling it up
       with the -v option will cause it to  display  its  version
       information.

       Multiple -!  flags will toggle the return status.

       Since  flags  can  occur anywhere on the command line, any
       filename starting with a '-' has to be preceded by './'.

       The number of retries will not be reset when any following
       file  is being created (i.e. they are simply used up).  It
       can, however, be reset by  specifying  -rnewretries  after
       every file on the command line.

       Although  files with any name can be used as lockfiles, it
       is common practice to use the extension  `.lock'  to  lock
       mailfolders  (it  is appended to the mailfolder name).  In
       case one does not want to have to  worry  about  too  long
       filenames  and does not have to conform to any other lock-
       filename convention, then an excellent way to  generate  a
       lockfilename  corresponding  to some already existing file
       is by taking the prefix `lock.' and appending  the  i-node
       number of the file which is to be locked.

SOURCE
       This program is part of the procmail mail-processing-pack-
       age (v3.13.1)  available  at  http://www.procmail.org/  or
       ftp.procmail.org in pub/procmail/.

MAILINGLIST
       There  exists  a mailinglist for questions relating to any
       program in the procmail package:
              <procmail-users@procmail.org>
                     for submitting questions/answers.
              <procmail-users-request@procmail.org>
                     for subscription requests.

       If you would like to stay informed about new versions  and
       official patches send a subscription request to
              procmail-announce-request@procmail.org
       (this is a readonly list).

AUTHOR
       Stephen R. van den Berg
              <srb@cuci.nl>

BuGless                     1999/01/20                          1