K. Heisler, Y. Kasho, W.-T. Tsai, "A reverse engineering model for C programs", Information Sciences 68(1-2), 155-189, February 1993. 
 

Abstract
This paper presents a reverse engineering model for C programs. It consists of
structural and functionality views of programs. The structural view shows
relations among structural elements such as code blocks and variables. It
includes code block hierarchy, data flow, control flow (paths), and call graph
relations. The functionality view provides a hierarchical outline of
functionalities of a given program. It consists of a functionality hierarchy,
which provides the hierarchical description of the code. The model also supports
both structural and functionality slicing and ripple effect analyses: The
maintainer locates the code blocks to be modified within the functionality
hierarchy. This slices out a set of paths that use the code blocks, which in
turn provide all the variables used or modified within them. An object-oriented
design is used to implement this model in a UNIX (AT&T) environment. The tool,
written in Objective-C (Step-Stone), provides many other useful features. For
example, given a variable, it can provide all the possible code blocks, paths
that use or modify that variable. It also allows the maintainer to expand or
contract various levels of code blocks to simplify the path analysis.

@article{DBLP:journals/isci/HeislerKT93,
  author    = {K. Heisler and
               Y. Kasho and
               Wei-Tek Tsai},
  title     = {A reverse engineering model for C programs},
  journal   = {Inf. Sci.},
  volume    = {68},
  number    = {1-2},
  year      = {1993},
  pages     = {155-189},
  ee        = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-0255(93)90026-I},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de}
}