From: Sau Fan Lee [slee283@ec.auckland.ac.nz]

Title: A Survey of Defenses against Denial-of-Service Attacks

Abstract
========
A denial-of-service (DoS) attack is a type of resource-depleting attack
on a system such that the system will no longer be able to take further
requests from legitimate users. Usually, this type of attacks is network-
based and accomplished by network-traffic flooding. A well-engineered
DoS attack is very difficult to detect and is therefore a great threat
to the Internet security today. In this paper, I will briefly introduces
various types of DoS attacks, and then proceeds with a detailed survey
of several defense methodologies or attempts of defenses againsts DoS
attacks proposed over the past few years.

References
==========
[1] Bernstein, Dan J. SYN cookies [article online] no date;
    Available from: http://cr.yp.to/syncookies.html
    Accessed April 2003.

[2] Chan, Jason. SYN cookies [article online] no date;
    Available from: http://www.liquifried.com/docs/security/scookies.html
    Accessed April 2003.

[3] Moore, David; Voelker, Geoffrey; Savage, Stefan. Inferring Internet
    Denial-of-Service Activity [paper online] 2001; Available from:
    http://www.caida.org/outreach/papers/2001/BackScatter/usenixsecurity01.pdf
    Accessed April 2003.

[4] Brendel, Juergen. "Distributed Denial of Service - The current state and
    counter measures" Slides from NZISF meeting, Esphion Ltd. Auckland,
    New Zealand, February 2002.